Friday, October 30, 2015

Made in Wisconsin: Al Molinaro

This day, we mourn the loss of a treasure from Wisconsin.

Actor Al Molinaro, born in Kenosha, Wisconsin, on June 24, 1919, passed away today in a Wisconsin hospital, October 29, 2015. He was 96 years old. 

Like him, I was born in Wisconsin. I hope and pray I die there like he did.

He was an actor of note, but best known for playing the owner of Arnold's on the show Happy Days for many years.

Rest in peace, Al. Memory Eternal. Resquiescas in pace.

 




Halloween Costume 2015


I used my beard as an accessory, combined with other items, to dress up as "Moses" today. If there is a "Individual Male Faculty" category in the costume contest, I think I have a good chance to win!



Thursday, October 29, 2015

A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum

My Latin I class starts Stage 5 of the Cambridge Series next week, in which they will learn plurals and details of the Roman Theater.



I use the occasion annually to also take a break from our march through Latin vocabulary and grammar to watch, in its entirety, the movie A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum.

The movie is silly and raucous, but it totally holds up to multiple viewings (which I have done year after year).

If you are a Latin teacher and you are not showing it to your Latin classes, give it a watch and reconsider. It's actually a fully faithful representation of the classic comedy plot: young man loves a woman completely impossible for him--slave seeking his freedom conspires to make it possible, at the last minute something emerges that makes it possible for them to be together.

It's an all-star cast, Zero Mostel, Jack Gilford, Phil Silvers, and even Buster Keaton in his last theatrical role.

In the interest of full disclosure, the theme song "Comedy Tonight," is the only truly good song in the musical, the others are a bit a drudgery, but no reason not to enjoy the show.



Sunday, October 25, 2015

Scott Kelly Deserves the "Congressional Space Medal of Honor"! Help by Signing the Petition!

As an identical twin myself, I have followed the careers of identical twins Scott and Mark Kelly with some interest. Scott Kelly is currently on a year-long mission on the International Space Station along with Russian Cosmonaut Mikhail Korniyenko. The purpose of this mission is to study the effect of weightlessness on the human body, gathering information that will be crucial to the success of longer range missions, such as an eventual trip to Mars.

Kelly volunteered for this inherently dangerous mission because he knows that comparisons between the physiology of himself and his twin are particularly valuable from a scientific standpoint.

I've launched a "We the People" Petition, asking the Obama Administration to award Scott Kelly with the Congressional Space Medal of Honor upon his return. 

He will certainly have satisfied the criteria for the medal which is to be awarded to an astronaut "who in the performance of his duties has distinguished himself by exceptionally meritorious efforts and contributions to the welfare of the Nation and mankind."

So please go sign the petition and spread the word! We have one month starting today (October 25) to get 100,000 signatures, which will then at least prompt an official reply to the petition.

Click here to add your name to those who think Scott Kelly is worthy of this honor!

Saturday, October 24, 2015

Teaching is More Stressful Than Serving in a War Zone?


I am currently in my tenth year teaching Latin at a public high school.
Prior to that, for four years after 9/11, I served as an Arabic linguist at the Top Secret National Security Agency. 
In 2004, I went on a deployment to Iraq, for which service I received the Global War on Terrorism Civilian Service Medal. During that time, on two occasions, I raced in terror for my life to reach cover as mortars exploded around our targeted base.
Yes, that's a Glock 9mm at my side.

And so, when I have nightmares, what do you imagine I might be dreaming about? You might reasonably assume I dream from time to time about being on that base in Iraq and experiencing a life threatening danger.  

But I don't. Strangely even to me, I never dreamt about being in Iraq while I was there, but I dreamt about it the first night I was safely out of that country. And I've never dreamt about it since.

No, when I have a nightmare, I'm in a classroom full of unresponsive or uncooperative students, and suddenly I see an administrator walk through the door (all you teachers reading this understand). And I also have dreams in which I simply teach whole periods of my subject. Yet I never dreamt about translating Arabic while I was at the NSA!

I'm sharing all this after reading an article which described teaching as among the top three most stressful occupations, along with "healthcare and the uniformed services, such as police, ambulance and the fire services."

Now, I'm certain teaching has always been inherently more stressful than other occupations. What is alarming to me is just how much more stressful it is now than when I first started.

I want to be clear that I am not at all complaining about the school district where I work. The trends that have resulted in plummeting morale in the teaching profession and deepening stress are nation-wide. Nor am I writing on this topic from the claim that I am America's greatest teacher. There are things I know I do very well. I believe that my enthusiasm and passion for my subject inspires my students toward a love of learning languages. There are other areas in which I strive to perform ever more effectively. 

I'm just one public school teacher like thousands of others, continually trying to do the best job I can in the interests of the students I teach.

Now, you may wonder, why would someone leave Top Secret Government work to become a public school teacher?  I married my wife, a public school teacher herself, shortly after I got back from Iraq. And for two more years I stayed at the NSA, working in the Counter-Terrorism Mission.

But I came to a point where I felt I had fulfilled my duty to my country following 9/11. And I was ready for another important mission--educating young people with my love of the Latin language. It did involve a pay cut, by the way.

When I first began teaching back in the fall of 2006, I was surprised at the esteem expressed when I told people I taught in a public school. Common would have been words to the effect of "God bless you for doing such a difficult job! I could never do what you teachers do!"

Nowadays, there are settings in which I avoid admitting to being a teacher, because I'm exhausted from then hearing words to the effect of "You teachers do nothing, you're overpaid, and you work just nine months out of the year!"

Alongside other public workers, the vilification of teachers gained traction within the economic collapse of the Great Recession, starting in December of 2007. We were convenient scapegoats and our hard-earned tenure and job benefits went under attack.

Again, I do not fault the administration of my district. They are just doing the job they are mandated to do by those above them. But that job went from primarily focusing on the discipline of the students within the building to an increased focus on observing the teachers

Tenured teachers in New Jersey used to receive one formal observation a year. That changed to three formal observations and multiple "walk-throughs," in which the administrator enters with a tablet computer to grade a number of points. And it was immediately apparent to the students that the administrator was not there to monitor their behavior; the administrator was there to monitor the teacher.

At the NSA, I did my job the best I could. I assume my boss was monitoring my output. But there was never a time when I worried that today might be the day when my boss would come and sit next to me for an hour and take notes on what I was doing. And yet that's what every public school teacher is daily dealing with.

Tenure "reform" has now made it mean much less than it was before. Because of effective pay freezes and now paying significantly more for our health care, my wife and I made three thousand dollars less last year than the previous year.

When I was a Top Secret Agent, my accomplishments got me promoted to Grade 13. But even those who don't earn a promotion always make more money the next year than they did the year before.

And so, that's why this former Intelligence Officer turned public school teacher can honestly say that our daily stresses and concerns in the teaching profession are beyond anything I ever experienced in the world of espionage. And isn't that simply sad?

Thursday, October 22, 2015

How Did Grumio Die? Did Grumio Really Die?

I'm a Latin teacher. And I love the Cambridge series! I learned my high school Latin with a horribly boring book that I hardly remember. But I have students years after they have graduated still talk to me about their fond memories of Caecilius, Metella, Quintus, Clemens, and, of course, that drunken cook named Grumio.

But the Cambridge series left a huge question mark over the fate of Grumio. In this post I will present what we officially know and then share my opinion of what likely happened to the man who famously once got so drunk he thought a painting was a real lion in the house!

It's a bit strange that a book designed to be teaching Latin to students as young as middle school has a character who clearly has a serious drinking problem. In the first true story of the book, "Cerberus," in Stage 1, Grumio is asleep in the kitchen.

By Stage 4, the secret is out, Grumio is so drunk that when the painter paints a lion on the wall of the triclinium, Grumio thinks it's a real lion.

But, sadly, the trait returns the last time we meet Grumio. In the Test Generator for Stage 12, after Mt. Vesuvius has exploded and ash is raining down on the city, there is a test story that advances the plot. 

Clemens has left the Temple of Isis and received a sign (three flames surging on the altar) that convinces him that the Goddess has told him Quintus is still alive.

He encounters a very drunk and despondent Grumio. Clemens tells Grumio that Caecilius is dead. But he hopes that Quintus and Metella may still be alive. Grumio, in his drunken depression, states the following:

"Quintus mortuus est! Metella mortua est! Grumio non mortuus est. nemo est..."
"Quintus is dead! Metella is dead! Grumio is not dead. No one is..."

Clemens sees the ash falling down upon them. He is choking from the poisonous gases descending still upon the city. And he must press on to find Quintus.

And so, in a moment of frustration, of anger, Clemens reacts:

subito Clemens Grumionem pulsavit. coquus nunc exanimatus iacebat.  
Suddenly Clemens punched Grumio. The cook now was lying (on the ground) unconscious.

Now, this would seem to be a very bleak moment for Grumio. He is so drunk that he didn't recognize Clemens. He is now unconscious and lying on the ground, with volcanic ash slowly covering him over. 

Clemens, however, offers a prayer for this hapless fool. He is addressing the Goddess Isis:


"signum tuum mihi spem dedit. hic coquus mihi dolorem dat! 
"Your sign gave me hope. This cook gives me grief!"

"custodi hunc stultissimum servum, dum ego amicos quaero."
"Guard this very stupid slave, while I look for (my) friends."
And that's the last we ever hear of Grumio in the Cambridge Series.
We are left to wonder what could possibly happen next to this beloved drunken fool of a slave known as Grumio.
We are face to face with an argumentum ex silentio. Anyone can state any opinion they want. Grumio died. He didn't die. No one has any data to prove their point.
I will make the following argument. Clemens emerges later in the series as the graced and blessed servant of the goddess Isis. His trust in her saves her when all seems lost in Stage 18 (my favorite chapter in the entire Cambridge Series). 
We may with some confidence assume that the authors of the Cambridge Series understand that his prayer for this "stultissimum servum" is sufficient to save Grumio.
Grumio lived.
I composed a "fan fiction" follow-on to the story as a grammatical supplement for Stage 17. (It uses sentence structures from the story "in officina Eutychi Part One".
Enjoy here a story I composed for my Latin students. It tells the story of what finally happened to Grumio and Melissa.



postquam Clemens Grumionem pulsavit, coquus diu in via urbis dormiēbat.


diu = for a long time
pulso, pulsare, pulsavi = to punch



tandem Grumio, quī magnam dolorem in capite habēbat, animum recepit.




tandem = finally
habeo, habere = to have
dolor, doloris = pain
caput, capitis = head
animus = consciousness
recipio, recipere, recepi = to recover



Grumio prope portum urbis erat.



facile erat illō servō navem invenire, quod multae navēs in hac parte urbis erant.




ille = that
invenio, invenire = to find



Grumio, postquam navem intravit, Melissam conspexit.


“Melissa,” inquit Grumio. “ego laetus sum. tu superfuistī.”



supersum, superesse, superfui = to survive

Melissa Grumionī dixit. “Quid facis nunc?”




facio, facere, fēcī = to do, make

“omnēs rēs amīsimus,” inquit Grumio. “sed tē amō.




omnis = all
rēs = thing
amittō amittere, amīsī = to lose
amō, amāre, amāvī = to love



tēcum iter facere et totam vitam tēcum esse possum?”




tēcum = with you
sum, esse, fuī = to be
possum, posse, potuī = to be able/can
vita = life
iter = journey



Melissa Grumiōnī basium longum dedit.




basium = kiss
dō, dāre, dedī = to give



“ita verō,” inquit Melissa. “reveniamus ad urbem ubi natus sum—Antiochus”[1]


reveniō, revenīre = to return
natus sum = I was born
Antiochus = Antioch



[1] Grumio and Melissa lived to a ripe old age. They even survived a devastating earthquake in Antioch in the year 115 AD. Their descendants are still noted chefs in Syria today.


________________________________________________________________


https://www.amazon.com/Saecula-Saeculorum-Keith-Massey/dp/0984343253?ie=UTF8&creativeASIN=0984343253&linkCode=w00&linkId=5WIF2DJM6ZHW3LFX&redirect=true&ref_=as_sl_pc_tf_til&tag=keitmassintea-20
If you're interested in Latin or ancient history, or even just an entertaining read, check out the time-travel thriller In Saecula Saeculorum. Click to learn more.

It's a bargain at 0.99 cents on Kindle (or affordably priced at $11.90 on paperback). 

You'll travel back to ancient Rome on a harrowing mission to save the modern world. It's the adventure of four lifetimes.

________________________________________________________________



 




Wednesday, October 21, 2015

Evidence of Time Travelers into the Past?



Anecdotally, people have found a few things from time to time that seem to imply that people from the future visited the past. An interesting example is the claim that human shoe prints are fossilized over trilobites.

Archaeologists have found what seems to be a battery in a provably ancient stratum.


I personally don't believe that time travel is possible and I don't believe it has ever happened. But that sure didn't stop me from writing a novel based on the premise. And that's because I think time travel is a deep human pre-occupation. We wish we could travel through time because as we go through life we invariably collect memories of things we botched and wish we could redo. 


My novel, In Saecula Saeculorum, describes a mission in which four young people are sent back in time to ancient Rome to retrieve information to hopefully save the modern world. 

In this novel, however, the US and UK governments that control this technology are so concerned that other countries may find out they have time travel technology, that they refuse to send anything back in time that could be found later as evidence of time travel at all.

Time travel is intriguing because we all look back on our lives and wish we had a do-over. As a personal admission, I can never forget the one that got away--the woman I should have loved more and yet so horribly wronged. I live with many regrets. But that's my journey...

Anyway, any evidence that people traveled to the past will always tug at our hearts. It will always make us wonder, what if?...

Monday, October 19, 2015

The Prophecies of Malachy and Pope Francis





The Prophecies of Malachi were first published in the year AD 1595 by a Benedictine monk named Arnold Wion. The prophecies are a series of 112 short Latin phrases claiming to predict some characteristics of the Popes of Rome.

Wion attributed these prophecies to St. Malachy, an Irish archbishop from the 12th century.

There are people who genuinely believe these prophecies are authentic and they have put considerable effort into determining how the various prophecies line up with the popes they are supposed to represent.


On the other hand, there are those who believe the Prophecies of Malachi to be a forgery produced basically at the time it was first published. And, by the way, that is the official opinion of the Roman Catholic Church on this matter.

The strongest evidence for them being a forgery is that the prophecies are very accurate up to the year they appeared, 1595, and then very vague and cryptic after that point.

A survey of just a few of the most recent predictions shows how some of the descriptions are intriguing, others seem far fetched and contrived.

As an example, number 109 reads, "of the half moon" (de medietate lunae). This corresponds to Pope John Paul I, who was pope for only one month. The mention of a moon at all for a pope who served one month is intriguing.

Number 104 reads "religion destroyed" (religio depopulata). This corresponds to Benedict XV, who was pope during world war 1 and the russian revolution, which led to serious persecution of the church during communist rule. Again, intriguing.

But number 111, "the glory of the olive" (Gloria Olivae), is supposed to correspond to Benedict XVI. And there is no compelling way to line this up with Joseph Ratzinger at all.

What makes these prophecies urgent and timely is that we are currently in the reign of the last pope theoretically predicted by these prophecies.

In the interest of full disclosure, I am going to state that I believe the Prophecies of Malachi were indeed a 16th century forgery and that any apparent similarity between the predictions and the popes they represent is pure coincidence.

It looks to me like this person tried to extrapolate the rest of the popes into the future, maybe assuming the end of the world would happen in the year 2000. He came close, the final pope on his list was elected in 2013.

But for those who really want to believe in these prophecies, I would suggest one could accept that the list was composed by a person with some agenda in 1595, but that doesn't mean that God couldn't provide some occasional flashes of inspiration into that forger's work. Maybe just enough to make the list be occasionally intriguing, while not being reliably predictive.

And that brings us to the last pope on the list. After prediction 111, Glory of the Olive, which supposedly represents Pope Benedict XVI, the Prophecies of Malachi read as follows.

In an extreme persecution of the Holy Roman Church, there will sit.
Peter the Roman, who will pasture his sheep in many tribulations. And when these things have transpired, the City of the Seven Hills will be destroyed, and the fearful judge will judge his people. The End.

(In persecutione extrema S.R.E. sedebit. Petrus Romanus, qui pascet oves in multis tribulationibus, quibus transactis civitas septicollis diruetur, & judex tremedus judicabit populum suum. Finis. )

Some suggest that the list could be interpreted as allowing other unmentioned popes prior to the final Pope, called Peter the Roman. But that's not the likely conclusion.

So this Peter the Roman supposedly corresponds to Pope Francis. Now let me tell you what's going to happen in the next number of years. Rome is not going to be destroyed. and I pray that Pope Francis lives a long and productive life.

I actually pray that after he has accomplished everything he feels called by God to do, that he, like his predecessor, can retire and spend his twilight years in peace and enjoy well deserved leisure.

And when he is no longer Pope, the Church of Rome will elect another Bishop for itself. And when that happens, will the Prophecies of Malachy be finally proven false?

I've already told you my opinion of these Prophecies, but for those who want to believe them, let me suggest an interpretation of the final prophecy that could still reconcile them with our reality.

Last week, while speaking at a ceremony commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Synod of Bishops, Pope Francis called for a radical decentralization of the Roman Catholic Church. He described how being a "Synodal Church" would involve re-envisioning the exercise of the papacy, and this would have implications for the relations of the Catholic Church with other Churches.

If he puts this vision into practice, and I pray he does, he will be, in some respects, the last Pope of Rome. By which I mean that he would become the last Pope elected under an understanding of the papacy that was the belief when that forger made these prophecies in 1595.

Pope Francis, Peter the Roman. He is of Italian descent, but grew up in Argentina. That's sure Roman enough in my book. Peter. If he redefines the papacy and heals a thousand year schism with the Orthodox Church, he will indeed be exercising that ministry Our Lord gave to Peter, Strengthen your brothers. (Luke 22:32)

And the fearful judge will judge his people and judge them favorably that once again, they are unified.

If that actually happens, and I pray it does, I may yet end up believing that God shared with us a glimpse into the future through a 16th century forgery.

Thursday, October 15, 2015

Will the Real Former Intelligence Officer Please Stand Up?


I read with interest and amusement how a Fox News Guest Terrorism Analyst was arrested on charges of lying about having ever been in the CIA

This man, Wayne Simmons, co-authored a spy novel and on his Amazon profile describes an illustrious career in the Intelligence and Defense industries. But, according to these charges, none of it was true.

It's not for me to judge, he is innocent until proven guilty, right? 

But this makes me wonder what I must be doing wrong that I have never been asked by Fox News or another major news outlet to be a "Guest Terrorism Analyst." 


You see, I really am a former Arabic Linguist at the National Security Agency. Here are some things I'll openly state I did and I'm not at all worried about what would happen if someone fact checked me and consulted the institutions in question.


* I have a PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. My major was Biblical Hebrew and Semitic Studies. My minor was Arabic studies within the department of African Languages and Literature there.

* I worked as a Arabic Linguist at the National Security Agency from June, 2002 until July, 2006. While there I held a Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information clearance.



* I served in Iraq in 2004 and I was awarded the Global War on Terrorism Civilian Service Medal for my service there.

* After my return from Iraq, I worked in the Counter Terrorism Office at the NSA until I resigned from that agency in 2006 to become a Latin teacher at a public high school.


If what I just claimed is not true, I deserve to be charged as well. But if it's true (which it is), then I should be the talking head when they need someone to discuss Terrorism or Surveillance or Snowden or whatnot! 

And so, all you news outlets, my contact info is on my websites. I'm not asking for payment to be interviewed. I just want the chance to plug my books at the end of the interview the same way that most interviewees plug their books and Simmons also plugged his.


http://www.amazon.com/Top-Secrets-Lessons-Success-Espionage-ebook/dp/B01467CYXS/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1444955800&sr=8-1&keywords=massey+top+secrets

That's right! I also have espionage-themed books I've written. We're all trying to make a living. There are a few of us legitimate former Intelligence Officers out there promoting various books. And the last thing we need is Stolen Honor competition from fake wannabees!

Yes, I'm a former Spy and I have a glorious beard.
If you're so inclined, please
Facebook Like, Tweet, Google+, Pin, Tumblr, whatever, this message to help this former Intelligence Officer turned public school teacher get noticed by the media and receive the "Interviews on Major News Outlets with the Opportunity to Plug his Books" that a legitimate former agent who risked his life for his country deserves


I thank you for your consideration. God bless. -Keith





Sunday, October 11, 2015

Lessons for Success from the World of Espionage: HUMINT

The image to the left is the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency in Langley, Virginia. The particular type of Intelligence gathering they conduct is known as HUMAN INTELLIGENCE (HUMINT). A knowledge of how it is done and the special considerations that go into interpreting what they produce there can help people in other fields maximize their success and productivity as well.

Definition of HUMINT

 Human Intelligence is intelligence gathered by people interacting with other people. Now, that interaction is not always a mutual sharing. For instance, if a spy somewhere manages to be sitting at a restaurant in the booth next to an intelligence target, and she overhears the target say something important, that is intelligence gathered by a person from a person. It’s Human Intelligence. But, generally speaking, HUMINT involves someone sharing information directly with another person. And the person sharing the secret is generally doing so with a motive. Frequently the motive is money.

 Who Conducts HUMINT?

 Most HUMINT in the United States Intelligence Community is conducted by the CIA. The fact that they have clandestine agents all over the world is hardly a secret, since you can apply to be a clandestine agent right on their website![1] And the job of such clandestine agents is to obtain information of intelligence value from other people. Theoretically it does not matter who the people are from which they glean their information. The only thing that matters is whether it has intelligence value. In other words, a diplomat from country A stationed in country B obviously knows things policy makers in the United States would like to learn. But if that diplomat talks too openly about state secrets when he’s had a few too many to drink, his butler might be the source of valuable intelligence as well!

 While Human Intelligence is conducted primarily and formally by the CIA, there are other government agencies that do Human Intelligence in an unofficial capacity all the time. If a US diplomat, an employee of the State Department, is at a dinner in the country of his or her posting, and they learn something that may be of intelligence value, they are obligated to report such information.

 What are the most important issues in HUMINT?

 By definition, HUMINT is information one person wants another person to have. The problem is, there are multiple motivations one could have for sharing information. One of them may indeed be a desire to mislead! In fact, there have been cases in the history of espionage in which a spy has told another spy true information merely to establish credibility for a long term plan to do substantial damage at a later date with misinformation.[2]
 
 The point is, whenever a spy learns information from an asset, all we really know is that the asset wants the spy to have that info. We technically know nothing about the credibility of the information itself.

 We all go through our day under what is known as the “Truth Bias.” In other words, virtually everything people say to you all day long is true. And, for that reason, we receive information and incorporate it into our daily plans assuming it is true unless we learn otherwise.

 I mean, imagine if you tried to function under the complete opposite of the truth bias. If everything you heard from everyone in your life was assumed to be a lie unless you learned otherwise, you would lose your mind in the exhaustion of chasing down confirmation of the information around you.

 The problem for HUMINT is that we sometimes take in this information without subjecting it to appropriate scrutiny. In the category of HUMINT, we should be much more discriminating about the potential for misinformation than in our day-to-day lives. And yet, in the history of espionage, credence has sometimes been given to information despite obvious red flags.

 Perhaps the most famous recent example of an Intelligence failure connected to the “Truth Bias” is the misplaced credence that was given to the Intelligence source known as “Curveball.” This man, Rafid Ahmed Alwan, had made claims to German Intelligence regarding the Chemical Weapons capabilities of the Saddam Hussein regime in order to gain asylum and permanent residency there.[3] Information he supplied eventually was reported by Secretary of State Colin Powell to the UN in the lead up to the Iraq War.
 CIA reports contain an automatic caveat at the end, to the effect that whatever information this report contains may have been provided with the intention to “deceive or mislead.” Hopefully the presence of this caveat leads policy makers to take the information provided for exactly what it might be worth—which could be, in some cases, a grain of salt.

 One final anecdotal comment. As of the time I left the NSA, CIA reports that I saw WERE BEING RELEASED IN ALL CAPS! Now, maybe they were only in all caps in the systems I had access to. Maybe, like NSA reports, they were actually released to policy makers in a nice professional office style.
 But if all readers of these reports were seeing them in all caps like I was, that is a potential problem. Anything written in all caps seems to scream at you. I hope that the effect of all caps did not result in a bias wherein the font itself seemed to imply urgency.

 Circular Reporting

 A final point analysts have to remember when weighing the veracity of HUMINT, and in fact this applies to other disciplines within the Intelligence Community as well, is the possibility of what is known as circular reporting. This is also known as False Confirmation. Multiple sources all stating the same information are not necessarily independent voices.
 For instance, if you told all your friends a story, and they all went and told the story to their spouses, the fact that the story was related by a number of different people does not make it more reliable. It came from a single source.
 Circular Reporting is precisely what makes false rumors seem credible. Once the rumor really takes off, you are hearing it from multiple, seemingly unconnected, sources. You think to yourself, that’s the third person I’ve heard that news from today. It must be true. But that false rumor could have started with one source, who intentionally fed misinformation to someone, knowing it would take off like wildfire.

 Lessons Learned

 We all go through our lives keeping our sanity with the Truth Bias. But in both our personal and professional lives, the lessons learned from the practice and failures of HUMINT in the world of espionage should give us pause to consider the veracity of the information around us.
 Rather than react to all the information we receive as if it is necessarily true, we should receive it through the following filter:

 “Someone has just told me something because they wanted me to hear it.”

 And before we make decisions based on that information, we should consider all of the possible motives for that information exchange.

 It remains probable that people who tell you things are telling you what they think is the truth. But the lesson of HUMINT is that we should be open to other possibilities. We should break out of the Truth Bias, reacting to all information we hear as if it is, by the hearing, therefore true.
 For instance, I’ve learned in life to just smile and nod whenever anyone tells me about their marriage. Whether they are telling me it’s perfect or horrible, all they are telling me is what they want me to hear. It does not necessarily have anything to do with reality.

 It is equally important to keep in mind that someone may tell you something, legitimately believing the information to be true, when it’s not. The take away from HUMINT is that information we receive from another person is just that—information. The best way to make decisions for our personal and professional lives is to collect as much information as possible, even and especially information that contradicts other sources, so that we can weigh all the facts.
 And when collecting and weighing information for important decisions in your life, always consider the possibility that an abundance of evidence for one position may have actually come from a single source.

[1] The CIA conducts HUMINT with its “Directorate of Operations (Formerly known as the Clandestine Service).”
https://www.cia.gov/careers/opportunities/clandestine/index.html
 
[2] A notorious example of this is the so-called “Double Cross System” run by British Intelligence during WWII. Captured German agents who agreed to collaborate were fed legitimate information to report back so that eventual misinformation would be more readily believed. This plan is credited with the success of the D-Day Landing. See, Double Cross: The True Story of the D-Day Spies, by Ben Macintyre (New York: 2012).

[3] “Iraq war source’s name revealed.” BBC News, November 2, 2007.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7075501.stm
 




This post is an excerpt from my latest book, Top Secrets: Lessons for Success from the World of Espionage. It is available on Kindle and paperback.

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