Tuesday, September 13, 2016

Learning Latin with the Liturgy: the Introit for the Feast of the Elevation of the Holy Cross (September 14)

It was no coincidence that I received a request to grammatically describe this piece. I weekly attend the Elevation of the Holy Cross Eastern Orthodox Church! And as I prepared this post, I found myself singing the song we sing on this Feast Day. I include it below.

The Introit for the Feast of the Elevation of the Holy Cross


Nos autem gloriari oportet in cruce Domini nostri Jesu Christi:
In quo est salus, vita et resurrectio nostra:
Per quem salvati et liberati sumus.


This text echoes Galatians 6:14:

But may it never be that I would boast, except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world.

Here is a grammatical description of the Latin of this text.

 Latin Text followed by literal English translation.

Nos autem gloriari oportet in cruce Domini nostri Jesu Christi:
In quo est salus, vita et resurrectio nostra:
Per quem salvati et liberati sumus.
We, however, ought to glory in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ:
In whom is soundness, life, and our resurrection:
Through whom we have been saved and freed. 

Below is a complete grammatical description of the Introit. But I share first the simply lovely song we Orthodox sing on this Feast Day. We perform the triple prostration you see in the video while we sing the song. 





Latin
English
Parsing
Grammar Points
Nos
We
nom. pl. pronoun
nos, nostri
autem
however
adv.
gloriari
to glory
pres. dep. inf.
glōrior, glōriārī, glōriātus sum
oportet
ought
3rd pers. impers. verb
oportet, oportēre, oportuit
in
in
Prep. + Abl.
cruce
the cross
abl. sing. fem. noun
crux, crucis
Domini
of Lord
gen. sing. masc. noun
Dominus, Domini
nostri
(of) our
gen. sing. masc. poss. adj.
noster, nostra, nostrum; modifies Domini
Iesu
Jesus
gen. sing. masc. name
Iesus, Iesu
Christi
Christ
gen. sing. masc. noun
Christus, Chrisi
in
in
Prep. + Abl.
quo
whom
abl. sing. masc. rel. pronoun
qui, quae, quod; antecedent is Iesu Christi
est
is
3rd pers. sing. pres. ind. verb
sum, esse, fui
salus
soundness
nom. sing. fem. noun
salus, salutatis
vita
life
nom. sing. fem. noun
vita, vitae
et
and
conj.
resurrectio
resurrection
nom. sing. fem. noun
resurrectio, resurrectionis
nostra
our
nom. sing. fem. adj.
noster, nostra, nostrum; modifies resurrectio
Per
Through
Prep. + Acc.
quem
whom
acc. sing. masc. rel. pronoun
qui, quae, quod; antecedent is Iesu Chrisi
salvati
saved
nom. pl. masc. past part.
salvō, salvāre, salvāvī, salvātus
et
and
conj.
liberati
freed
nom. pl. masc. past part.
līberō, līberāre, līberāvī, līberātus
sumus
we (are) have been
1st pers. pl. pres. ind. verb
sum, esse, fui; used paraphrastically to form passive voice of perfect tense with past participles salvati and liberati.
 

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